Chapter_4 Reproductive health class 12 MCQs term 1 pdf download

Chapter_4 Reproductive health class 12 MCQs term 1 pdf download

ASSERTION REASONING QUESTIONS

These questions consist of two statements each, printed as Assertion and Reason. While 

answering these questions you are required to choose any one of the following four responses.

A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is correct explanation of the Assertion.

B) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

C) Assertion is true but the Reason isfalse.

D) Both Assertion and Reason are false

1. Assertion: Use of condom is a safeguard against AIDS and sexual diseases besides checking pregnancy.

Reason: Condoms are physical barriers preventing body fluid of two partners to come in contact.

2. Assertion: Copper-T is an effective IUD commonly used by urban Indian women.

Reason: Copper –T stops the transport of sperms till the ampullary isthmic junction.

3. Assertion: CDRI Lucknow has developed Mala-D which is non steroidal, once a week pill.

  Reason: Hormonal contraceptives help to balance the hormonal level in body for proper functioning of gonads.

4. Assertion: ARTs are available for childless couples to have a baby but all cannot afford.

Reason: These are very specialized, costly techniques performed by specialists and these facilities are available in some cities only.

5. Assertion: Copper –T is effective contraceptive used by women.

Reason- Copper ions reduce the motility and fertilizing capacity of sperms, increase phagocytosis of sperms inside the uterus, hence prevent conception.

ANSWERS-

1. A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is correct explanation of the Assertion.

2. C) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

3. D) Both Assertion and Reason are false

4. A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is correct explanation of the Assertion.

5. B) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is not the correct explanation of the

Assertion.

           CASE BASED QUESTIONS                     

1. REPRODUCTIVE AND CHILD HEALTH CARE PROGRAMME-

India was the first country in the world to adopt an official population policy and launch official family planning programme way back in 1952 which remains the mainstay of family planning efforts. During its early years, the programme focused on the health rationale of family planning. Family planning as a strategy for population stabilization received attention only after 1971 population census. This strategy resulted in an increase in the proportion of couples effectively protected from 12.4 percent during 1971- 72 to 46.5percent during 1995-96 but remained stagnant during 1995-96 through 2003-04 and decreased to 40.4 during 2010-11. After the launch of the National Rural Health Mission in 2005, the official family planning programme has been subsumed in the reproductive and child health component of the Mission. However, universal adoption of small family norm still remains a distant dream in India. During 2007-08, only about 54percent of the currently married women aged 15–49 years or their husbands were using a contraceptive method to regulate their fertility and the contraceptive prevalence rate appears to have stagnated after 2004. Moreover, contraceptive practice in India is known to be very heavily skewed towards terminal methods which mean that contraception in India is practiced primarily for birth limitation rather than birth planning.

Reproductive and Child Health Care programme is a comprehensive sector wide flagship programme, under the umbrella of the Government of India's (GoI) National Health Mission (NHM), to deliver the RCH targets for reduction of maternal and infant mortality and total fertility rates.

Components of RCH Programme: Women's health, safe motherhood (including safe management of unwanted pregnancy and abortion women's development. Child health (child survival and child development). Adolescent Health (sexuality development, adolescence education and vocational component)

1.1 What is the full form of RCH?

A) Reproductive and Child Health Care

B) Reproductive and Child Health programme

C) Reproductive and Child Health Care programme

D) Reproductive and Child Health

1.2 Mention which of the following is not a major task under RCH programmes?

A) Creating awareness about reproduction related aspects.

B) Providing facilities and support for building reproductively healthy society.

C) Sex determination of the unborn.

D) All the above

1.3 RCH also aims to create awareness about problems due to uncontrolled population growth because -

A) It increases cases related to sexual abuse and sex related crimes.

B) It increases various social evils like poverty, unemployment.

C) It increases the rate of basic requirements like food, shelter and clothing.

D) All the above

1.4 According to 2001 census report, the population growth was s till around __________________________________________________ percent

at which our population could double in _____________________________ years.

 A) 17, 33 

B) 18, 33

 C) 17, 35 

D) None of the above

1.5 Assertion: Human population now doubles every 35 years as against 200 years in 1600-1800.

Reason: Rapid increase is due to better health facilities and food resources.

A. BothAssertion andReason are true and the Reason is correct explanation oftheAssertion.

B. Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

C. Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

D. Both Assertion and Reason are false.

 (Answers- 1.1-D, 1.2-C, 1.3-D,1.4-A, 1.5-A)

2. CONTRACEPTIVES-

Contraception is defined as the intentional prevention of conception through the use of various devic es, sexual practices, chemicals, drugs, or surgical procedures.

Thus, any device or act whose purpose is to prevent a woman from becoming pregnant can be considered as a contraceptive. The different types of

contraception-

• Cap.

• Combined pill.

• Condoms.

• Contraceptive implant.

• Contraceptive injection.

• Contraceptive patch.

• Diaphragm.

• Female condoms.

• In India, over 139 million women and girls now use a modern method of contraception, it further said. The report said 320 mi llion women and girls in

the world's 69 lowest -income countries now have access to family planning, according to new figures released by Family Planning 2020 (FP2020).

2.1 What are the different reasons due to which contraceptive are used?

A) To keep space between the chi ldren.

B) To delay or avoid pregnancy/ pregnancy related complications.

C) To avoid other problems like painful menstruations, skin problems, PCOD, etc.

D) All the above.

2.2 Which of the fol lowing is not a characteristic feature of an ideal contraceptive?

A) It should be cheap and easily available

B) It should interfere with sexual drive of user.

C) It should be effective with least side effects.

D) All the above.

2.3 Government through RCH has promoted small families to overcome the problems associated with population explosion in our country through various

means. Which of the following options is not an effort by the Government and RCH -

A) Statutory raising the marriageable age of female to 18 years and that of males to 21 years.

B) Media showing happy couple with many children.

C) Popularising slogans like HUM DO HUMARE DO and urban working couples are adopting one child norm.

D) Incentives given by government to people with small families.

2.4 Which of the fol lowing is not used as a contraceptive by females?

A) Tubectomy B) Female Condoms C) Implants D) Cervical caps

2.5 Assertion: Amniocentesis is often misused detect the sex of the unborn baby. Reason: Amniocentesis is meant for determining the chromosomal/genetic disorders in the fetus, but is being used to determine the sex of the fetus so that female foetus may be aborted.

A. Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is correct explanation of the Assertion.

B. Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation ofthe Assertion.

C. Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

D. Both Assertion and Reason are false.

▪ (ANSWERS- 2.1-D, 2.2-B, 2.3- B, 2.4-A, 2.5-A)

3. CONTRACEPTIVES-

A wide range of contraceptives are available today to avoid pregnancy. The major categories of contraceptives include natural/ traditional, barrier, IUDs, oral contraceptives, injectable,implants and surgical methods. The natural / traditional method includes periodic abstinence, withdrawal or coitus interruptus, lactational amenorrhoea. Barrier methods (usage of condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults), IUDs (Intra Uterine Devices), pills (oral contraceptives) and sterilization by surgical methods (tubectomy and vasectomy) all are included in the artificial methods of contraception. IUDs and pills are the hormonal methods of contraception.

3.1 Which according to your knowledge of menstrual cycle are safe days for unprotected sex without having fear of conception?

A) Between day 1 to day 10 of menstrual cycle and then between day 20-day 30 of menstrual cycle.

B) Between day 1 to day 9 of menstrual cycle and then between day 18 - day 30 of menstrual cycle.

C) Between day 1 to day 12 of menstrual cycle and then between day 20- day 30 of menstrual cycle.

D) None of the above.

3.2 In some females just after the child birth, during the breast feeding phase, there is a phase of the absence of menstruation. This fully prevents conception.

A) True B) False C) Not sure

3.3 Which is not the characteristic feature of Natural methods of contraception?

A) Very effective 

B) No chances of failure when used. 

C) None of the above 

D) Both A and B

3.4 Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults?

A) These are used by females

B) These are reusable

C) These block the entry of sperms through the cervix

D) These are effective only when used with spermicidal creams, jellies and foams.

3.5 Assertion: IUDs are an ideal and most widely used contraceptive for the females in India.

Reason: It gives freedom to males to take decision about delaying of pregnancy and/or space children for a period of 3-5 years.

A) BothAssertion and Reason are true and the Reason is correct explanation oftheAssertion.

B) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

C) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

D) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

(ANSWERS- 3.1-B, 3.2- A, 3.3-D, 3.4-D, 3.5- C)

4. MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY (MTP)

Intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy is called medical termination of pregnancy. Medical termination of pregnancy is also termed as induced abortion. MTPs

are used to get rid of unwanted pregnancies and the pregnancies which could be harmful or fatal to the mother or to the foetus or both. MTPs are safe up to 12 weeks i.e. the first trimester

of pregnancy. Government of India legalized MTP.

Nearly 45 to 50 mill ion MTPs are performed in a year all over the world which accounts to 1/5th of the total number of conceived pregnancies in a year.

Every day 13 women die in India due to unsafe abortion-related causes. Nearly 6.4 mi llion pregnancies are terminated every year in India. Unsafe abortion,

the third leading cause of maternal deaths in the country, contributes eight per cent of all such deaths annually.

4.1 Under which conditions it is not legal to perform MTP upto 12 weeks of pregnancy?

A) When the continuation of pregnancy is dangerous for the life ofmother.

B) When continuation of pregnancy is dangerous for the life of father.

C) In case of pregnancy due to rape.

D) In case of chromosomal / genetic defect in foetus.

4.2 If MTP is performed after it is detected that the sex of the foetus is female, then it is known as-

A) Female foeticide B) Amniocentesis

C) Threatened abortion D) None of the above

4.3 MTP can imbalance-

A) Population in a country 

B) Sex ratio 

C) Birth rate

D) IMR

4.4 In which year Government of India legalized MTP? 

A) 1975 B) 1991 C) 1971 D) 1981

4.5 Assertion: MTP is not to be performed after firsttrimester.

Reason: In second trimester, the maternal and foetal tissues are intricately inter digited that MTP can lead to excessive blood loss and death of mother.

A) BothAssertion and Reason are true and theReason is correct explanation oftheAssertion.

B) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

C) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

D) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

(ANSWERS-4.1-B, 4.2-B, 4.3-B, 4.4- C, 4.5- A)

5. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES- STDs constitute a major public health problem for both developing and developed countries. The

emergence of HIV infection has increased the importance of measures aimed at control of STDs. A proper understanding of the patterns of STDs prevailing in different geographic regions

of a country is necessary for proper planning and implementation of STD control strategies. It is with this aim that the authors have reviewed the relevant published literature from India

over the past 25 years.

To sum up, bacterial STDs like chancroid and gonorrhea are showing a declining trend, but the viral STDs like herpes genitalis and condylomata acuminata are showing upward trend. There is a decline in the number of patients with STDs attending the hospital. Whether this is due to an actual decrease in the incidence of STDs or due to other factors

is uncertain. The increased availability of facilities for treatment of STDs at peripheral centers might be a factor leading to a decline in the number of patients with STDs approaching higher centers

like the teaching hospital where this study was undertaken. The emphasis on the syndromic approach to the management of STDs might have increased the accessibility to healthcare for

these patients with STDs. Awareness about HIV and fear of contracting the STDs are likely to have influenced the risk-taking behavior of people, thereby reducing the likelihood of

being infected with STDs. Another factor to be considered is the widespread use of antibacterials, including quinolones and the new macrolides, for the treatment of other diseases. This can

result in partial treatment or modified course of the bacterial STDs, thereby leading to apparent reduction in the total number of cases of STDs attending STD clinics as well as a

decrease in the proportion of bacterial to viral STDs.

5.1 Which of the following is not a bacterial STD?

A) Syphilis B) Gonorrhea C) Herpes genitalis D) Chlamydiasis

5.2 Choose the odd one out-

A) Genital herpes B) Genital warts C) Trichomoniasis D) Hepatitis B

5.3 Which of the following symptoms is not seen in case of an STD?

A) Slight pain in genitals B) Swelling in the genitals

C) Itching and fluid discharge from the genitals D) Redness/discoloration in the genitals

5.4 Which of the following is not a complication which arises when STDs are not treated on time?

A) PID B) Infertility C) Cancer of the rectum D) Still births

5.5 Assertion: Persons in the age group between 15-24 years is more vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections.

Reason: People in reproductive age get sexually transmitted infections during sexual intercoursewith their partner.

A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is correct explanation of the Assertion.

B) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

C) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

D) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

(ANSWERS- 5.1-C, 5.2- C, 5.3-D, 5.4-C, 5.5-C)

6. ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES-

Oral Contraceptives are in the form of pills that are either progestogens ( progesterone) or a progestin- estrogen combination. These are female contraceptives administered for 21

days in a month. Saheli is world's first and only oral non steroidal contraceptive pill. 'Saheli' aka Centchroman (ormeloxifene 30mg) is the only non–steroidal pill

with zero side effects available in the world. The Government of India guidelines for Emergency Contraception recommend use of Levonorgestrel (progestogen

only) NG 0.75 mg as a "dedicated product" for effective emergency contraception. The Drug Controller of India has approved only Levonorgestrel for use as ECP.

6.1 OCs are taken for a period of______days, starting within the first______days of menstrual cycle and after a gap of______________ days during which menstruation occurs it is repeated every month.(fill in the blanks)

A) 21, 7, 5 B) 5, 7, 21 C) 21, 5, 7 D) None of the above

6.2 Saheli- an OC has the following features- It is non steroidal. It has many side effects. It is once a week pill. It has low contraceptive value.

A) True B) False C) Not sure

6.3 Which is not true about the mode of action of OCs?

A) They inhibit ovulation.

B) They suppress sperm motility and fertilizing capacity of sperms

C) They alter the quality of cervical mucus to retard sperms. D) They inhibit implantation.

6.4 OCs contain –

A) Progesterone only

B) A combination of oestrogen and progesterone

C) None of the above

D) Both the above

6.5 Assertion: Emergency contraceptives are used to avoid pregnancy due to casual unprotected sex or due to rape. Reason: These are very effective if given within 72 hours of unprotected sex.

A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is correct explanation of the Assertion.

B) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

C) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

D) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

(ANSWERS- 6.1-C, 6.2-B ,6.3-B ,6.4-D ,6.5-A )

Competency Based Questions-

7. INFERTILITY- A large number of couples all over the world including India are infertile, i.e., they are unable to produce children inspite of unprotected sexual co-

habitation. In the opinion of the Indian Society of Assisted Reproduction, about 10 to 14 % of Indians are infertile which amounts to about

27.5 mil lion couples struggling with their dreams of starting a family and raising a child. Female infertility - 30-40% Male infertil ity- 30-40%. The reasons

for this could be many–physical, congenital, diseases, drugs, immunological or even psychological.  

Specialized health care units (infertility clinics, etc.) could help in diagnosis and corrective treatment of some of these

disorders and enable these couples to have children. However, where such corrections are not possible, the

couples could be assisted to have children through certain special techniques commonly known as assisted

reproductive technologies (ART). All these techniques require extremely high precision handling by specialized

professionals and expensive instrumentation. Therefore, these facilities are presently available only in very few

centres in the country. Obviously their benefits are affordable to only a limited number of people.

Emotional, religious and social factors are also deterrents in the adoption of these methods. Since the ultimate aim

of all these procedures is to have children, in India we have so many orphaned and destitute children, who would probably not survive till maturity, unless taken care of. Our laws permit legal

adoption and it is as yet, one of the best methods for couples looking for parenthood.

7.1 A woman has blockage in fallopian tubes which cannot be treated. Which ART would you suggest to this couple for becoming parents?

A) GIFT (Gamete Intra fallopian transfer)

B) ZIFT (Zygote intra fallopian transfer)

C) IUT (Intra uterine transfer)

D) Any of the above

7.2 A male who cannot produce sufficient number of motile and functional sperms can have a baby by adopting which technique ( suggest the best and cost effective

technique)-

A) GIFT (Gamete Intra fallopian transfer)

B) ZIFT (Zygote intra fallopian transfer)

C) ET (Embryo transfer)

D) All of the above

7.3 A couple produces functional gametes but the female is unable provide conditions for fertilization of gametes .Which technique would you suggest to the couple to have a

baby?

A) GIFT (Gamete Intra fallopian transfer)

B) ZIFT (Zygote intra fallopian transfer)

C) AI (artificial insemination)

D) None of the above

7.4 Observe the following graph .The TFR ( total fertility rate ) is declining on our country from 2007- 2018.Which of the following is a reason for infertility in India?

A) Psychological problems B) Immunological problems

C) Congenital problems D) All the above

7.5 Assertion: Women in India are often blamed if a couple is child less.

Reason: In a male dominating society like ours, women are blamed whereas problem always lies with the male partner.

A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is correct explanation of the Assertion.

B) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

C) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

D) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

(ANSWERS- 7.1- C, 7.2-A ,7.3-B ,7.4-D ,7.5- C )

8. SURGICAL METHODS- Observe the given picture and answer to the following questions-

8.1 A woman went to the doctor for permanent contraceptive method as she already has two children. The doctor advised her permanent method of contraception and explained

her procedure, which is-

A) tubectomy ,where both the oviducts are cut and tied.

B) Vasectomy, where both the vas deferens are cut and tied.

C) Oral emergency contraceptives

D) None of the above

8.2 Removal of gonads is not a method of contraception because-

A) It stops gametogenesis for ever.

B) It alters the sex hormonal balance in the body.

C) It makes the person infertile

D) All the above

8.3 Why are both the vas deferens cut and tied in vasectomy?

A) To stop the transport of sperms out to the female reproductive tract.

B) To stop the sperm from fertilizing the secondary oocyte in oviduct.

C) To stop sperm production.

D) All the above

8.4 Which of the following point is true about surgical methods of contraception?

A) Highly effective and reversible and can be performed by quacks also.

B) Less effective, irreversible and can be done only by qualified doctors.

C) Highly effective and irreversible so terminal method of contraception performed by qualified doctors. D) Highly effective, reversible with few side effects.

8.5 Assertion: Widespread use of contraceptive is an effective method to control population growth but it has possible ill effects also.

Reason: It can lead to conflicts between couples about when to have a child and how many to produce.

A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is correct explanation of the Assertion.

B) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

C) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

D) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

(ANSWER- 8.1-A, 8.2-D, 8.3-A ,8.4-C ,8.5-C )

9. POPULATION EXPLOSION

9.1 Observe the graph showing total fertility rates( TFR) across various states in India. Which state has maximum TFR ?

A) Uttar Pradesh B) Bihar C) Rajasthan D) Chhattisgarh

9.2 There is population explosion in the state which has highest TFR. So, what steps the state authorities must take to control population?

A) Use mass media to educate people about advantages of small family. B) Distribute free contraceptives- condoms, IUDs, OCs.

C) Declare and popularise various incentives for small families. D) All the above.

9.3 What could be the possible reasons for population explosion in that state?

A) Decline in death rate, IMR, MMR. B) Increase in number of people in reproducible age.

C) Increase in birth rate. D) All the above.

9.4 What are the problems that this state is facing due to population explosion?

A) Shortage of basic requirements like food, shelter and clothing

B) More working hands means more income.

C) Better standard of living of people with more children.

D) All the above.

9.5 If more and more couples in this state become infertile, then problem of population explosion can be solved?

A) True B) False

(ANSWERS- 9.1-B, 9.2-D, 9.3-D , 9.4-A , 9.5-B )

OTHER MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS-

1. Which of the following STDs is completely curable if timely and proper treatment is sought?

A) HIV- AIDS B) Genital herpes C) Hepatitis-B D) Chancroid

2. Mention the precautions that the vulnerable age group people should take to avoid contracting the STDs-

A) Avoid sex with unknown and multiple partners. B) Use condoms during coitus

C) Consult a qualified doctor in case of symptoms

D) All the above

3. Which of the following is not a mode of action of IUDs?

A) Increase phagocytosis ofsperms

B) Inhibit ovulation

C) Make the cervix hostile to sperms and uterus unsuitable for implantation.

D) Supress sperm motility and fertilizing capacity of sperms.

4.

4.1 Identify this contraceptive used by females-

A) Injectibles B) Implants C)Emergency contraceptive d)Oral contraceptive

4.2 What is the basic chemical composition present in above contraceptive which makes it a n effective contraceptive?

A) Steroid hormones-Progesterone alone or combination with estrogen.

B) Copper ions

C) Both the above

D) None of the above

5. What is the difference between implants and oral contraceptives?

A) Implants are effective for longer duration.

B) Implants are inserted under the skin; need not be remembered and taken daily.

C) Both A and B

D) None of the above

(ANSWERS- 1-D, 2- D, 3- B, 4.1-B, 4.2-A, 5- C)